![]() This lower sensitivity may be caused by the fact that a single test is employed as opposed to the three-test combination of the standard criteria described above. 10 However, neither protein nor albumin gradients alone should be the primary test used to distinguish transudative effusions from exudative effusions because they result in the incorrect classification of a significant number of exudates. 9 A serum-effusion albumin gradient greater than 1.2 g per dL also can indicate that the pleural effusion is most likely a true transudative effusion. 8 In these circumstances, if the difference between protein levels in the serum and the pleural fluid is greater than 3.1 g per dL, the patient should be classified as having a transudative effusion. Light’s criteria are nearly 100 percent sensitive at identifying exudates, but approximately 20 percent of patients with pleural effusion caused by heart failure may fulfill the criteria for an exudative effusion after receiving diuretics. Malignancy, tuberculosis, anaerobic bacterial pneumonia Lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis Pleural effusion secondary to yellow nail syndrome* Hepatic hydrothorax, ovarian cancer, Meigs’ syndromeĭyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, peripheral edema, elevated jugular venous pressure Hemothorax, chylothorax, duropleural fistula Lupus pleuritis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism ![]() Pleural effusion secondary to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Pneumonia, tuberculosis, primary effusion lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma Pleural effusion secondary to esophageal perforation Hepatic hydrothorax, spontaneous bacterial empyema Pleural effusion secondary to coronary artery bypass graft surgery or Dressler’s syndrome Mesothelioma, benign asbestos pleural effusion Tuberculous empyema, pyothorax-associated lymphoma, trapped lung ![]() ![]() Postoperative pleural effusion, subphrenic abscess, pulmonary embolism ![]()
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